In a small bowl, combine minced chipotle peppers, olive oil, cumin, smoked paprika, salt, and pepper. Coat the chicken breasts evenly with the mixture. Cover and refrigerate for at least 15 minutes (or up to 2 hours for deeper flavor).
Preheat a grill or grill pan to medium-high heat (about 400°F). Grill the chicken for 5–7 minutes per side, or until the internal temperature reaches 165°F and the outside has nice char marks. Let rest for 5 minutes, then dice into bite-sized pieces.
In a small jar or bowl, whisk together olive oil, lime juice, honey, minced garlic, salt, and pepper until emulsified. Set aside.
In a large bowl, combine chopped romaine, shredded red cabbage, black beans, corn, and diced red bell pepper. Toss gently to mix.
Add the diced grilled chicken and diced avocado to the salad base. Drizzle with the lime dressing and toss until everything is evenly coated.
Sprinkle with chopped cilantro and crumbled cotija cheese. Serve immediately in bowls, with extra lime wedges on the side if desired.